• Factors Influencing Mortality of Construction Workers – Part II

    Factors Influencing Mortality of Construction Workers – Part II

    Hand shake
    Some workers may shake hands because of the constant use of some tools. Prevention of hand tremor is inevitable. Early symptoms include tingling or numbness in the fingers. If left untreated, the function of the nerve will be disrupted and the person will not be able to get the necessary tools or even a glass of water.
    Toxic substances in the air
    Many lung diseases are caused by the presence of toxins in the air. Although dust and pollution from construction are not the main cause, they will not be ineffective. The problem is that the effects of these substances on human breathing take years, and when a person suffers from shortness of breath or pulmonary problems, he or she begins to think about using personal protective equipment. Some of the main causes of lung and respiratory diseases that occur in the workplace are as follows:
    Dust from stone milling, collecting construction debris and cleaning project site
    Inhaled isocyanates used in the manufacture of paints, varnishes, adhesives, flooring, insulation and more
    Particles caused by wood cutting
    Asbestos
    Asbestos or asbestos fibers are used as insulators in building materials because of their high heat resistance. About 5% of lung diseases are related to these toxic fibers. This material is reported to have been used in 5 of the UK’s public buildings. Refractory cotton fibers are very dangerous and can lead to respiratory diseases.
    Sudden collapse
    Many of the accidents that happen to workers during work are caused by sudden falls. People exposed to drilling and digging or forced to work at height are at great risk of falling. Among the things that will lead to the fall of workers are the following:
    Loose and unstable soil around the pit
    Undermining the integrity of surrounding structures
    Crash of materials or equipment due to loose soil

  • Factors Influencing Mortality of Construction Workers – Part I

    Factors Influencing Mortality of Construction Workers – Part I

    The construction industry is a growing industry in different countries and every year special arrangements are made for its growth and development. One of the issues that has always been of concern to officials and activists in this field is the safety of workers and the prevention of potential dangers. Thousands of workers die every year from construction accidents around the world, but these accidents do not just happen due to non-compliance with safety considerations, and other factors play a part in the following.
    Fatigue
    Although fatigue is not listed as a risk factor in construction, it is a factor that affects many events. Construction work is very laborious and often takes a long time in harsh climates. When a worker is tired physically or mentally, his or her attention and attention goes down, and he or she may get tired of doing the job properly and make mistakes. In construction, the slightest error results in irreparable damage, so fatigue can be considered a reason for not doing the right physical and mental activities.
    Working at height
    Working at height is one of the most important causes of death or physical handicap in construction projects. According to statistics, about 2 percent of workers between the ages of two and three have died because of falling from altitude. Factors that lead to the accident include:
    Lack of protection and protected openings
    Existence of unprotected edges
    Unsafe ladders or scaffolding
    Loose tools or equipment that are not well positioned on roofs or traffic lanes
    Movable objects
    Various activities are carried out at the project site, materials are shipped to high altitudes or thrown from the ground, so if these are not properly managed and safety issues are not addressed, any objects will fall. It can be an accident. There are a number of reasons that cause injury to a worker by moving objects:
    Crowded and disturbed places where safety concerns are not met
    No warning lights or horns on moving vehicles
    Low light places
    Working closely with moving machines and tools
    Dealing with mobile devices such as boxes, machines, etc.
    No warning signs in traffic areas
    Noise
    Reportedly, 5 of the 6 to 6 deafness problems in the UK relate to the work environment of active construction workers. Of these, 5 were women and 3 were men. The places where construction projects are carried out may become dangerous if noise levels exceed the permitted level and cause hearing problems. The problem is that because of the varying noise levels, workers often do not use ear protection. However, sometimes the use of ear protectors can lead to an accident. For example, the worker may not hear the siren alarm and not leave the scene on time.

  • What can be done to flood the building? – third part

    What can be done to flood the building? – third part

    Advice on flood-proofing buildings
    The height of the house surface from the ground
    Damage to the floor is one of the causes of flood damage. You must raise the level of the house above ground level. So that the lowest level of the house is above the flood level. In flooded areas around the world, this is the most common method of structural reinforcement. As mentioned before, the pore is designed for this reason.
    If possible, build a house on a tall. Some areas naturally do, but even if you can, the responsibility of building a home on a higher level is left to the engineers and experts concerned.
    In some northern parts of the country due to the abundance of rainfall and the possibility of flooding, this rule is followed and houses are built at a distance from the ground. So the ground floor will not be damaged by floods and floods.
    Waterproofing the floor of the building
    During the recent floods, numerous videos were released showing how a multi-storey deteriorated building was loosened and collapsed without damaging its body. From these concrete examples, even without examining the causes of the demolition of the building, one can see the necessity of reinforcing the floor.

    One of the most important measures to flood the building is to waterproof the floor of the building. Nowadays, they do this with the use of nanomaterials and even waterproof empty spaces and waterways.
    Waterproofing and waterproofing different parts of the house helps withstand flooding. Even non-residential parts of the home should be built with moisture so as not to be seriously damaged by flooding. This requires specialized knowledge and must be delegated to the expert.
    Get off the flood track
    There is another solution that may seem funny in the first place, but it can save your life; if your home is in flood-prone areas and you know it is not flood-proof, even retrofit your home as much as possible. If you can’t do flood-proof building work, it’s better to move to a safer place that is not flood-proof or resistant to flooding. You should know that living in a dilapidated building puts your life at risk.
    Installation on Inaccessible Input
    In some areas close to the river, another approach is being considered to flood the building; impermeable gates are installed at the entrance of the building to prevent flooding into homes.

    Using this solution eliminates one of the causes of the demolition of the building and has so far saved many lives and property against flooding. The use of non-permeable doors is very common in standard construction and greatly reduces the cost of post-flood reconstruction.

    Restructuring homes and offices
    Lawrence Waterhouse, a civil engineer, says we need to focus on resilience to flooding, not flood defense. This is not to deny the fact that it is helping us. We need to embrace reality and design our home and workplace to minimize damage. For example, install wall sockets and electrical sockets on the wall. New design in a standard construction builder enhances the safety of the building and is one of the key components of structural reinforcement.
    Using FloodBlock
    FloodBlock are components used in standard construction that can be protected from flood damage by attaching them together and placing them in a convenient location for residential and commercial buildings. The foam used in the bottom of these pieces holds the water in place and prevents it from leaking.

    Due to the simplicity and low weight of this system, it does not require any special training. The cost-effectiveness and high quality of FloodBlock make them more effective than sandbags.
    Check pipe fittings
    It is usually neglected in the case of flood-proofing of plumbing. Safe piping, however, is a must when considering standard construction. Have the plumber check the well cone and pump housing tank to make sure they are working properly and that they are not clogged.
    Also ask about the possibility of installing a water recess valve; a water recess valve is a device that prevents water and municipal sewage from returning during heavy rainfall. One of the causes of building demolition in floods is this; especially in a dilapidated building this defect is more dangerous.
    Conclusion
    Iran is one of those countries where the risk of flooding is high and should consider ways to reduce the damage.
    In addition to environmental impact and attention to vegetation, building retrofitting and structural retrofitting should be considered.
    In the event of flooding of a worn out building that is not retrofitted, it is more at risk.
    Solutions to address the causes of building demolition include elevating the building surface from the ground, waterproofing the floor of the building, and installing impermeable inlets.

  • What to do to flood the building? – Part II

    What to do to flood the building? – Part II

    What does retrofitting mean?
    First of all, we need to know what reinforcement is and what we benefit from. The process of securing existing buildings to cope with all kinds of natural disasters such as earthquakes, storms and floods is called “building retrofitting”. During this process, experts are investigating the causes of the demolition of the building and seeking to remedy its weaknesses.

    Some say that if a disaster strikes, it will destroy even the strongest homes. But this is a misconception, and in practice, there is a big difference between a solid building and a dilapidated building, one that is built without safety considerations. In any case, flood-proofing of buildings is a necessity that should not be overlooked.

    Houses on the water
    The role of man in natural disasters and his contribution to the extent of the damage he sees have already been mentioned. Another example of our negligence in the face of adversity is the irregular builders who eventually do our job. The mere interest in negligence has led to most homes being built without engineering or safety principles.
    In addition to disregarding flood building and structural and structural reinforcement, the use of inferior materials, preservation of worn out buildings, lack of proper supervision also adds to the day-to-day building market, while also becoming more dangerous.

    After the flood of April in Shiraz, statistics released that bitterly disgusted the fact that 90% of the houses that were completely destroyed were illegal buildings that lacked engineering and building safety.
    What are the features of a durable building?
    How much do you know about the causes of the building demolition? Are you familiar with the basics of standard construction and structural retrofitting? Do you know how to rebuild a dilapidated building? To find out what building is going to be made strong, you need to seek the advice of engineers and experts. But in general there are some things that are more important in the work of structural reinforcement and flood proofing and ensure its safety.
    Foundation or foundation
    You have probably heard that “the first clay is like the architect’s tilting / until the Soraya goes the tilting wall”; If a building does not have a solid foundation, it can be said to be vulnerable in every way and will fall into a recess of disasters.
    The foundation prevents the building from sinking into the ground. This is one of the causes of the demolition of the building, and it is becoming increasingly important about the flood. Because the flood causes the ground to slip and makes it more likely to sink. So the foundation must be firm.

    The shape and strength of a building are determined by the type of building and the force it exerts on the soil. There are different types of foundation. In flood-proofing of buildings and in porous design of porous structures is a good way to strengthen the building.
    When the foundation of the house is pierced, the water flows beneath the building and floods do not damage the building. Alternatively, you can build a house on a stand with a detachable wall. When the flood occurs, these walls break apart and the building is not damaged.
    Building Glass
    One of the causes of the building demolition, which is also dangerous, is the fragmentation and fragmentation of the windows. In natural disasters, such as floods, earthquakes and storms, glass is also vulnerable. Under the pressure that comes into the building or as a result of objects’ rapid collision with glass, they are more likely to break and collapse.

    The use of polymer-coated glass sheets strengthens the glass and prevents it from being crushed and damaged. The use of polymers for glass cladding is not an emerging phenomenon in the construction of buildings and has different functions. For example, bulletproof glass uses the same technology. But they have higher polymer resistance than ordinary glass

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