One of the problems that can occur in a building for a variety of reasons is the issue of home assembly and foundation. The problem that usually results in cracks in the interior walls and exterior, sloping floors or even curving the building in one direction is the movement of the soil underneath the building, which is usually downward, leading to its collapse.
In this article, we will try to identify the reasons for this occurrence, introduce the signs, ways to prevent them, and ways to repair and rebuild the building if this problem arises.
Symptoms of a house meeting
Observing some of the symptoms may be indicative of a home meeting, although these may sometimes be due to other reasons, but seeing them can be a buzzer to address this problem.

As a first sign, if you find a meeting in the grounds around your home, be sure to look for other signs of the home meeting inside so you can think about it if you have this problem. In this section, we will look at some of these signs of home assembly.
Distance between wall and floor
One of the most obvious signs of a house meeting is the distance between the bottom of the wall (the part that connects to the floor) and the floor of the house.
Cracked circle around the nail
Seeing Turkish circles around the nails on the wall can be one of the first signs of a house meeting.
Stomach flooring
Floor bumps, which occur as a result of mounting pillar columns, can also be symptoms of sitting at home.
One of the most obvious signs of a house meeting is the distance between the bottom of the wall (the part that connects to the floor) and the floor of the house.
Cracks on the basement wall
Horizontal and vertical cracks in the basement walls usually caused by water entering the underfloor (causing walls to move and cracking), as well as cracks commonly found in buildings with concrete blocks, all due to problems with The foundations of the building will be established and they will announce the meeting of the house.
Cracks on brick and block walls
The presence of cracks in the walls is usually recognized as one of the earliest signs of building congestion. In brick walls or block-built walls, these cracks usually start diagonally from the corner and continue to near the windows.

Cracks on the brick walls are usually seen horizontally, vertically, and stepped, each of which has a particular meaning. The presence of horizontal cracks indicates that the pressure applied from the underlying soil to the foundation is upward while the vertical cracks are caused by the movement of the soil under the foundation.
The stepped cracks also indicate an uneven subsidence of the building due to the unstable soil below the foundation. All these cracks indicate a problem with the foundation of the building.
Twisting doors and windows
Although the twisting or cracking of doors and tweezers that can cause problems when opening and closing them can sometimes be due to moisture absorption and expansion, in other cases they are one of the hallmarks of home sitting.
In addition, the presence of cracks around the door, window or ceiling or wall can also be warning signs.
The presence of cracks in the walls is usually recognized as one of the hallmarks of a home meeting.
Reasons to Set Up a Home Meeting
As noted, most of the problems and symptoms of building congestion are due to foundation problems. But where do these bugs come from and why are they created?
The answer to this question needs to consider the factors and causes of this problem. Much of the foundation is due to problems in the foundation due to unintentional negligence on the part of the executives or deliberate underperformance by the owner, which is usually rooted in economic issues.

Some of the negligence that causes this problem are as follows:
The first mistake that could lead to this is the poor design of the foundation against the permissible soil strength of the subsoil and the forces exerted by the building. This is sometimes due to the inaccurate information provided to the structural designer.

In fact, providing inaccurate information about soil mechanics results in a mismatched design of the foundation’s ground capacity, which is usually due to improper soil mechanics testing.
The next issue is the error in declaring the code during digging which causes the digging to exceed the desired level and inevitably results in a dumping operation to compensate for the additional digging that is usually done without reinforcing the soil bed and performing the required actions. It decreases the strength of the soil under the structure and consequently its subsidence.
Other issues that are not addressed during excavation are the occurrence of building subsidence. Investigating and controlling the changes in soil aggregation, adhesion, and moisture content in the different parts of the pit created or not informing the laboratory and the design engineer of their differences. This seemingly simple negligence makes it difficult to retrofit the home and make the building difficult in the future.
Failure to check the water level and soil moisture content and consequently the failure to perform the necessary measures during excavation will also be problematic in the future.

On the other hand, sometimes due to the breakage of water pipes inside or around the building (during the structural stages of building construction), soil moisture increases, resulting in changes in the adhesion and strength of the soil.
Other causes of this problem are negligence in dealing with aqueducts and wells at the site of construction and neglecting to carry out the necessary land preparation prior to foundation work.
Other issues are that are often overlooked due to economic issues such as poor quality concrete used, improper foundation and dimensioning on the map (reduced foundation size) and failure to use sufficient rebar (these are sometimes the case). Occasionally due to a mistake in mapping or calculations.) They are.
Raising floors or creating additional structures without taking into account the strength of the foundation (buildings vary according to the number of floors and the amount of load a building has) will result in a home meeting due to the imposition of additional load on the foundation soil.

In addition to all of the above, the impact of natural disasters such as earthquakes can also lead to building collapse.
In a few cases, inaccurate construction of surrounding buildings as well as the deployment of vibrating machinery around can also lead to this problem.
The main reason for the problems in the foundation is due to unintentional negligence on the part of the executives or deliberate negligence on the part of the property owner, which is usually rooted in economic issues.

Ways to Stop Meeting at Home
The above mentioned were all causes of the problem of sitting down and avoiding the points mentioned above but preventing a few other things will reduce the likelihood of this happening.

Reinforcing the home and increasing the earth’s bearing power by injecting compactors into the soil
Creating a gauze and base underneath the foundation (parts of the soil are removed and reinforcing reinforcement is placed vertically inside and filled with concrete).
Style building
Increase the number of columns in the building
Creating joints between building columns and shear walls
Tap the wall
Wall paneling or plaster and wall paint and crack removal and fracturing in various parts, which can be seen in both exterior and interior facades, are the consequences of building assembly. Of course, other factors, such as the penetration of moisture and high heat adjacent to the wall, are also involved.
To repair and rebuild the wall panels, the panels in the inner walls first remove the damaged parts. If the damage has progressed to the lower layers, they will be removed as well as the wall, if possible, soaked (brick soaking or other materials). They begin construction to prevent water absorption from the mortar, and then rebuild it with cement or gypsum mortar (depending on the material of the wall) to solve the problem of wall sheathing.

On the exterior of the building, the walls are usually made of stone, brick and tile, first with a hammer and a pen, carefully removing the wall and part of the wall and then repairing the siding with a mixture of sifted sand and cement to repair the wall. Fix the wall.

Conclusion
Building assembly usually occurs in the form of cracks on the inner walls and exterior, floor sliding or even bending of the building to one side.
Other signs of a building sit are the distance between the wall and the floor, the cracked circle around the nail, the flooring of the house, the crack on the basement wall, the twisting of doors and windows.
The negligence of executives and sometimes underemployment by the landlord due to economic issues in the early stages of construction (excavation, structural design, foundry, etc.) are the main reasons for building a meeting.
Imposing an extra burden on the building when completed (adding additional floors without the proper foundation) also results in a meeting in the building.
Earthquakes, non-circular construction in the surrounding areas of the building, and the deployment of vibrating machinery near the building are other contributors to the building meeting.
Wall tiling is another consequence of building congestion caused by pressure on the exterior of the walls. To solve the problem of drumming, they usually make mortars to solve the problem. Of course, the problem with wall mounting is related to the materials used.

Today in the construction industry the issue of building safety is of paramount importance. The roof is one of the components of the building whose safety is more important than other components. In the event of an earthquake, if the roof is not standardized, the damage caused by the damage will be very high, so the use of light and secure roofs is welcomed by the builders. Biggate roofs are lightweight and easy to implement, and are a type of concrete steel roof system that has high strength and durability.

Biggate ceiling
The Biggit roof is a type of arched steel deck that uses arched steel molds to form the surface under the concrete slab. The Biggit Ceiling Mold is a durable mold that does not perform structural performance and is made of 1 to 2 mm thick galvanized sheets. Biggit Roof is a type of concrete composite steel roof that, because of its arch shape, can withstand loads during operation.

Biggit template specifications
These molds minimize leakage of concrete leachate.
Proper execution of the templates is required to access the composite function.
Due to the angular lines, the Biggit mold has a high strength concrete slab curvature during implementation.
The maximum spacing of the sheets is about 2 cm.

Important points in the implementation of the Biggate ceiling
In the implementation of Biggit ceiling, the thickness of the galvanized sheet should be about 2 mm and the thickness of the concrete 2 mm. The Biggit mold must be able to withstand the weight of the rebar, concrete and loads during execution. Execution of these molds To close the beginning and end of the molds, precautions must be taken to prevent concrete and sap from leaking during work. If sub-ceiling piling is not used during the application of this type of roof, the stresses resulting from the weight of the rebar, concrete and loads shall be added to the stresses after loading of the concrete, and the joists section shall be calculated based on the sum of the stresses. Be. The design and implementation of this roof should take into account the exact details of the route and location of the mechanical and electrical installations.

Benefits of Biggate Ceiling
Implementation of the Biggate ceiling requires no special equipment and is easy to accomplish.
This type of roof system is the fastest roof system in a day.
The strength and durability of a Biggit roof reduces the life and financial risks that may arise during the execution of the roof.
This roof can be applied to concrete structures.
It is possible to run the ceilings simultaneously without having to pile into the Biggit ceiling system.
Arched and conglomerate molds on this type of roof make it possible to use these as false ceilings.
This type of roof uses smaller and cheaper side beams, which reduces the cost of shooting and makes shooting easier.
Biggate roofs are lighter than composite roofs, steel decks and joists and blocks.

Steps to implement a Biggit ceiling
Shooting: Shooting operations are performed according to the executive plans.

Installation of Biggit Molds: These molds are placed on the edges of the living beams without the need for fasteners or rivets.

Flushing: In order to prevent concrete fall, the form of Biggit Flushing is used in bridges.

Close Working Circle: The working circle is surrounded by boards that are 5 cm high.

Reinforcement: According to the standard of the Biggit system, the reinforcement network is implemented.

Candlestick: Candlesticks should be made just below the roof beams and before concrete.

Concreting: Concreting should be in accordance with the performance plans and the specified thickness.

The beauty of the home is one of the important factors in the design of the building and has a great impact on the residents psychologically. This important factor is very important both in the outdoor space and in the decoration and interior design of the house. Like other interior surfaces such as walls and floors, the design of the house is of great importance, and although its history is unclear, it has always been a fascinating subject in architecture.
In the meantime, the false ceiling design as a type of roofing is very popular and creates a pleasant and attractive space in the design of the roof and interior of the house.
Urban people, on the other hand, tend to balance their living space, in terms of mental relaxation, anxiety and exhaustion due to the busy and polluted urban life. Therefore, it is important to use attractive designs and colors to design the ceiling as a false structure.
These designs are also known as secondary ceilings on the house roof, which designers refer to as false designs. The false design is attached to the main skeleton of the building and its load enters the main structure and falls below the main roof, covering the weaknesses in the main roof.
Its advantages include quick and easy installation, lightweight, the ability to shorten the roof, acoustic and thermal insulation, easy removability and roof removal.
For the design of the house roof by false designs must be considered factors such as the lightness of the roof, the height of the roof, the location of installation, etc. in accordance with the design of the false roof. In this article, we will try to introduce you to the variety of these designs, given the variety available and how they are used.

Robits and plastered false ceilings
Robits false ceiling is made of steel and is one of the oldest and most used models of false ceiling design. The model is made of steel mesh designs and is plastered to attach it to the ceiling and therefore weighs heavily. It is therefore less recommended by architects because it can be dangerous in times of earthquakes. This type of design is compatible with most mortars, with less cracks and is made of two types of flat and prominent.
It also has a high speed of execution and is geometrically expandable and has the materials and power it needs.

False Ceiling Cane
Knauf is the name of an international organization and has been used in the construction industry for more than 60 years. This type of design, which is very popular in our country, is a type of ceiling that uses prefabricated or non-gypsum panels and aluminum frame for its structural strength. These types of designs are highly customizable, and you can customize any design with any color, and you can also put hidden lights inside.
The cannabis consists of fixed designs (including integrated and decorative designs) and is animated and there is no gap in the integrated design model. Choosing a home-made ceiling design, because it is lightweight, can be a good alternative to other designs such as Robits or plaster.

Acoustic False Ceiling
This type of design is mostly used for places like cinemas, music venues and places where sound should not be reflected, which is a kind of acoustic isolation.
The acoustic design itself is divided into two standard and refractory models, which are the main parts of the steel or wood profile that must be fitted with matching nails. The acoustics are also made of corrugated fabrics, plaster sheets, wooden sheets and more.

PVC false ceiling
This design makes the roof uniform and shorter, and acts as a heat-insulation enhancer. These ceilings are made of polyvinyl chloride or PVC and because of their high flexibility, they can be turned into any shape. The design has gained popularity today due to its features such as appearance, durability, flammability, thermal and acoustic insulation and longevity.

False wooden ceiling
The main grid of this type of design for the roof of the house is made of steel and quadruple and its sub-grid is wood. In this design, the wooden limbs, made of foreign or Russian wood, are attached to the four lashes with glue and nails. When using a false wood design, it is best to cover the entire ceiling of the rooms in the house, and because wood gives a certain amount of heat to the environment, it is the best option for covering high ceilings.

Synthetic false ceiling
In this type of roof design, several different models and a new geometric design combine to form a hybrid design. This model creates a very beautiful design and makes the color of the house’s ceiling at different levels much more striking, and it needs to be designed with false roof structures.

False ceiling of grillium
The design of the false grille ceiling is made of aluminum, iron and alloy sheets and consists of square and rectangular houses giving it an outline. The ceiling is made of 4 to 1 mm thick sheet and can be painted with powder and liquid colors and attached to the roof by wire or wire.

Aluminum false ceiling
The roof model is made of aluminum with glass wool behind it. Each strap is fitted with a fastener to connect this design, and these straps are made of galvanized steel.

False tile roof
The design is one of the best covers for the home’s roof and uses galvanized pendants for its installation. Its gender varies according to the client’s order, and the tile pieces are pre-determined in certain dimensions.

Luxalone false ceiling
The design is a beautiful and decorative design for the roof of the house and also has the ability to be reinstalled and resistant to fire and atmospheric agents. This design is produced in rolls, depending on the design length, and is produced in both perforated and perforated models.
Roof color is very attractive due to the variety of furnace or powder colors and is easy to install on the roof and is very robust and is a design accepted by architects.

False ceiling with plasterboard plates
These prefabricated plaster panels are fitted with a metal structure, special paste and sealant putty to the roof of the house and can be used for the bathroom, bathroom and kitchen as well because they are waterproof. These roofs contain fiberglass as well as thermal insulation.
The main mesh of these ceilings is made of aluminum and the wooden mesh is also used in the design, is resistant to impact and noise and is highly environmentally friendly.
Generally, homes that are covered with false ceiling designs prevent the loss of elements such as temperature, humidity and lighting, and provide acoustic, decorative and relaxing space with appropriate lighting.

False ceiling of grillium
The design of the false grille ceiling is made of aluminum, iron and alloy sheets and consists of square and rectangular houses giving it an outline. The ceiling is made of 4 to 1 mm thick sheet and can be painted with powder and liquid colors and attached to the roof by wire or wire.

Aluminum false ceiling
The roof model is made of aluminum with glass wool behind it. Each strap is fitted with a fastener to connect this design, and these straps are made of galvanized steel.

False tile roof
The design is one of the best covers for the home’s roof and uses galvanized pendants for its installation. Its gender varies according to the client’s order, and the tile pieces are pre-determined in certain dimensions.

Luxalone false ceiling
The design is a beautiful and decorative design for the roof of the house and also has the ability to be reinstalled and resistant to fire and atmospheric agents. This design is produced in rolls, depending on the design length, and is produced in both perforated and perforated models.
Roof color is very attractive due to the variety of furnace or powder colors and is easy to install on the roof and is very robust and is a design accepted by architects.

False ceiling with plasterboard plates
These prefabricated plaster panels are fitted with a metal structure, special paste and sealant putty to the roof of the house and can be used for the bathroom, bathroom and kitchen as well because they are waterproof. These roofs contain fiberglass as well as thermal insulation.
The main mesh of these ceilings is made of aluminum and the wooden mesh is also used in the design, is resistant to impact and noise and is highly environmentally friendly.
Generally, homes that are covered with false ceiling designs prevent the loss of elements such as temperature, humidity and lighting, and provide acoustic, decorative and relaxing space with appropriate lighting.

Probably one of the earliest childhood aspirations to become an architect or an architect who kills his first plan is to design his own home first. Many foreign architects are registered in the world of architecture who have designed their own homes, including Frank Lloyd Wright, Walter Gropius and Philip Johnson.
The best and most famous buildings in the world are already well-documented in the minds of their architects, with a clever choice of architecture, a clever choice of place to build a home and a smarter choice of materials to create a lasting artwork. That’s why we discover even more interesting things when we put together the history of a building and its main goals. The monument built by some of these architects and their names is known for their iconic work and influence, while other architects have survived because of the innovative style that has transformed the world.
Famous buildings built by the most renowned foreign architects besides impressing many architects and designers, their stunning beauty is even more appealing to ordinary people and can inspire everyone, even those with little creativity.
Famous foreign architect design captures specific moments of time with detailed detail that is very similar to the photo and can also provide viewers with information about the time of construction. But unlike photographs, physical structures continue to evolve and live in different eras, and after hundreds or even thousands of years after being built, they can become a central and functional part of the lives of countless people.

Frank Lloyd Wright
We usually do not know the names of famous foreign architects as well as other famous artists such as painters. However, their work will affect us in the long run. Throughout our lives, these buildings have been our home and workplace as home for us and as a refuge for us, an artistic architecture that is fundamentally present in all of us. Even if we haven’t walked into any of the buildings designed by renowned foreign architects, in many cases we have been affected by its structure.
Frank Lloyd Wright was one of the foremost pioneers of American architecture, interior designer, author, and teacher, who designed more than 1,000 structures and completed 532 of them.

He built the Frank Lloyd Wright home and studio in Oak Park, Illinois, where he and his wife and six children lived.
Frank Lloyd Wright believed that the design of structures that are in harmony with humanity and its environment is a philosophy he called organic architecture.
In 1889, when he was just 22, Frank Lloyd Wright received a loan from his employer Louis Sullivan for $ 5,000 to build his home and studio. Later when Frank Lloyd Wright started his architecture he added the studio to the design of the building.
The house has been preserved as a national and historical landmark since 1909 and continues to exist.
Frank Lloyd Wright describes architecture as “the art of motherhood”: “We do not have the spirit of our civilization without an architectural style of our own.”
Frank Lloyd Wright argues that buildings are, in fact, a practical necessity and an artistic expression of a culture. Architects not only build civilization but also make it more beautiful.
In addition to the homes he built for himself, Frank Lloyd Wright has designed many offices, churches, schools, towers, hotels, museums and other structures.
He also designed most of the interior elements of buildings such as furniture and other accessories. Frank Lloyd Wright has written 20 books and articles on architecture and is known as a popular lecturer in the United States and Europe.
He was born on June 8, 1867 and died on April 9, 1959.

Walter Gropius
Walter Adolf George Gropius is a German architect whose names are known alongside famous architects such as Alvarez Alvert, Ludwig Mies van der Droe, Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright as the most renowned leading foreign architects in modernist architecture.

Walter Gropius is also recognized as one of the leading architects of international style.
Walter Gropius was born on May 18, 1883 and died on July 5, 1969, and a neighborhood in Berlin is named after Gropiusstadt.
In the early 1990s, a collection of all of Walter Gropius’s German architectural activities was published in a book entitled The Archive of Walter Gropius.
The Gropius House was the first project of Walter Gropius, the founder of the Bauhaus School in the United States.
Walter Gropius built this home, just an hour’s drive from Harvard in 1938 for his family. Although maintained like other neighboring houses and endorsed by the traditional materials used, it does not depart from the modernist architectural style with its bright white exterior, stripped windows and shattered glass.

It has also been considered by the US government as a landmark in the country.
In 1980, Gropius’s wife donated Gropius’s home in Lincoln to the history of New England.
Walter Gropius’s house was added to the National Historic Places Journal in 1988 as one of the historic sites and is now being visited by Uncle

Johnson is renowned for his modern architectural works such as the glass house in New Canaan and Connecticut, and especially his postmodern architecture such as 190 South La Salle Street in Chicago and 550 Madison Street designed by AT&T.
Philip Johnson received the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects in 1978 and the first Pritzker Architectural Award in 1979.
American architect Philip Johnson designed his famous glass house for his residence.
Completed in 1949, this single-storey house is made of glass and is positioned between two horizontal surfaces and a light steel structure.
This home is a symbol of international style and a national historic landmark of the United States of America.
Although it is widely believed that the house was inspired by Mies van der Rohe’s Farnsworth house, Mieswend himself stated that this was not the case and said that the time of visiting Philip Johnson’s glass house had been affected.
In 1930, Philip Johnson joined the Architecture Department of the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
He regularly met with other foreign architects, such as Gropius and Leverbusier, and for the first time in the US Congress negotiated with Miss Van Derweh.

In 1932, Philip Johnson in collaboration with Hitchcock, Alfred Haber and Jr. held the first exhibition of modern architecture at the Museum of Modern Art.
Since 1922 he has played an important role in introducing modern architecture to the American people.
Philip Johnson passed away on January 25, 2005.

Oscar Niemeyer
The Casa das Canoas house is one of the world’s most famous structures built in 1951 by Oscar Niemeyer, one of Brazil’s most famous foreign architects.
The name of Oscar Naimier, along with the renowned architects who have contributed to the development of modern architecture, is one of the main figures of modern architecture.

Naimir was known for designing residential buildings for Brazilians in a city planned to become the Brazilian capital in 1960, and also for collaborating with other foreign architects at the UN headquarters in New York.
His discovery of the beauty of reinforced concrete in the late 20th and early 21st centuries was very impressive.
Naimir has both been endorsed and criticized for the sculpture.
He said his architecture has been heavily influenced by Le Corbusier’s architecture, although he said in an interview that this did not change his architectural direction.
Niemeyer was famous for using abstract and curved forms.
The design of the Cassadas Canus home depicts the combination of modernity and the architect’s own style. This feature is a unique integration between minimalist and fundamentalist architecture.
Situated on a hill slope overlooking the bay and surrounded by it.
It is also combined with the green of nature. Cassadas Canos is a showcase of the evolution of reinforced concrete (or reinforced concrete) that has been widely used as a flexible building material.

Alvar Aalto
Hugo Alvare Henrik Alto is a Finnish architect and designer whose work includes architecture, furniture, textiles and dishes as well as sculpture and painting.

Although Alto never considered himself an artist, you can see his collection of paintings and sculptures entitled “Tree Branches with Architectural Trunk”.
His career was from 1920 to 1970. He first followed the Nordic ancient style and then moved on to the style of international modernity that was more rational in the 1930s and eventually adopted a more modern style in the 1340s.
In 1934, Finnish architect Alvar Alto and his architect Aino Alto designed their residence and studio in a neighborhood called Munkkiniemi in the Finnish capital.
The appearance of the house is distinguished by its two major parts. Most of it is painted white and most of it is covered with brick while being merged to form the lower part of the house.
Alto’s cozy home and its impressive design are thought to have been taken from Mairea Villa, a guesthouse in Normako, Finland.

This artwork by Alvar Henrique Alto is renowned as a world-class work of art. The interior design of the house and the design of the furniture, lamps and utensils were also done by Alto himself and his wife.
He used a modern Scandinavian design to design his furniture. The Alvaro Alto Museum, designed by Alto himself, is located in the city of Yuquila.
Frank Gehry
Born in Canada in 1929, Frank Gehry immigrated to the United States as a teenager, and his name is recorded alongside many other architects in postmodern and creative architecture.

Like the lucrative and lucrative tendencies of internationalism, the style of irregular shapes explores radical and meaningful shapes.
He was highly regarded in the 1960s and 1970s and suddenly became popular when he presented his corrugated cardboard furniture design. By the 1990s, he neutralized his style and gained popularity by designing seemingly organic, undulating and free-flowing structures.
In the 1970s, Frank Gray bought a house in Santa Monica to move in with his wife. However, if you know Frank Gray, you can never believe that he is just living at home and that is true.
In 1978, Gary transformed it into a luxurious home with a symbol of structural thinking. The main house has its colonial style on the left, but an unusual new structure, including glass planes, walkways, discrete columns and exotic angles, covers the other three sides of the house.
The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, inaugurated in 1997 and designed to resemble ships and living things, was designed by Frank Gray.
He also designed the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles and California, which opened in 2003.

Frank Gary is known not only for his unique structure but for his superior acoustics among foreign architects.

Conclusion:
There are many architects around the world who have been named after many foreign architects because of the unique design of their homes.
Frank Lloyd Wright and Walter Gropius and Philip Johnson and Oscar Naimier and Alvar Alto and Frank Gray are exterior architects whose homes have been highly regarded for their special design. The Wright House in Illinois Park, for example, has already been preserved as a national and historical landmark. The Gropius House in Lincoln, Massachusetts, has been used as a landmark for the United States by utilizing modernist architecture. The Johnson Glass House in New Conan, the Cassadas Canus House in Baradigio Rio de Janeiro, the Alto House in Mankinimi Helsinki, and the Gary Residence in Santa Monica, California, are other well-known homes whose designers are known for their unique design.