The beauty of the home is one of the important factors in the design of the building and has a great impact on the residents psychologically. This important factor is very important both in the outdoor space and in the decoration and interior design of the house. Like other interior surfaces such as walls and floors, the design of the house is of great importance, and although its history is unclear, it has always been a fascinating subject in architecture.
In the meantime, the false ceiling design as a type of roofing is very popular and creates a pleasant and attractive space in the design of the roof and interior of the house.
Urban people, on the other hand, tend to balance their living space, in terms of mental relaxation, anxiety and exhaustion due to the busy and polluted urban life. Therefore, it is important to use attractive designs and colors to design the ceiling as a false structure.
These designs are also known as secondary ceilings on the house roof, which designers refer to as false designs. The false design is attached to the main skeleton of the building and its load enters the main structure and falls below the main roof, covering the weaknesses in the main roof.
Its advantages include quick and easy installation, lightweight, the ability to shorten the roof, acoustic and thermal insulation, easy removability and roof removal.
For the design of the house roof by false designs must be considered factors such as the lightness of the roof, the height of the roof, the location of installation, etc. in accordance with the design of the false roof. In this article, we will try to introduce you to the variety of these designs, given the variety available and how they are used.

Robits and plastered false ceilings
Robits false ceiling is made of steel and is one of the oldest and most used models of false ceiling design. The model is made of steel mesh designs and is plastered to attach it to the ceiling and therefore weighs heavily. It is therefore less recommended by architects because it can be dangerous in times of earthquakes. This type of design is compatible with most mortars, with less cracks and is made of two types of flat and prominent.
It also has a high speed of execution and is geometrically expandable and has the materials and power it needs.

False Ceiling Cane
Knauf is the name of an international organization and has been used in the construction industry for more than 60 years. This type of design, which is very popular in our country, is a type of ceiling that uses prefabricated or non-gypsum panels and aluminum frame for its structural strength. These types of designs are highly customizable, and you can customize any design with any color, and you can also put hidden lights inside.
The cannabis consists of fixed designs (including integrated and decorative designs) and is animated and there is no gap in the integrated design model. Choosing a home-made ceiling design, because it is lightweight, can be a good alternative to other designs such as Robits or plaster.

Acoustic False Ceiling
This type of design is mostly used for places like cinemas, music venues and places where sound should not be reflected, which is a kind of acoustic isolation.
The acoustic design itself is divided into two standard and refractory models, which are the main parts of the steel or wood profile that must be fitted with matching nails. The acoustics are also made of corrugated fabrics, plaster sheets, wooden sheets and more.

PVC false ceiling
This design makes the roof uniform and shorter, and acts as a heat-insulation enhancer. These ceilings are made of polyvinyl chloride or PVC and because of their high flexibility, they can be turned into any shape. The design has gained popularity today due to its features such as appearance, durability, flammability, thermal and acoustic insulation and longevity.

False wooden ceiling
The main grid of this type of design for the roof of the house is made of steel and quadruple and its sub-grid is wood. In this design, the wooden limbs, made of foreign or Russian wood, are attached to the four lashes with glue and nails. When using a false wood design, it is best to cover the entire ceiling of the rooms in the house, and because wood gives a certain amount of heat to the environment, it is the best option for covering high ceilings.

Synthetic false ceiling
In this type of roof design, several different models and a new geometric design combine to form a hybrid design. This model creates a very beautiful design and makes the color of the house’s ceiling at different levels much more striking, and it needs to be designed with false roof structures.

False ceiling of grillium
The design of the false grille ceiling is made of aluminum, iron and alloy sheets and consists of square and rectangular houses giving it an outline. The ceiling is made of 4 to 1 mm thick sheet and can be painted with powder and liquid colors and attached to the roof by wire or wire.

Aluminum false ceiling
The roof model is made of aluminum with glass wool behind it. Each strap is fitted with a fastener to connect this design, and these straps are made of galvanized steel.

False tile roof
The design is one of the best covers for the home’s roof and uses galvanized pendants for its installation. Its gender varies according to the client’s order, and the tile pieces are pre-determined in certain dimensions.

Luxalone false ceiling
The design is a beautiful and decorative design for the roof of the house and also has the ability to be reinstalled and resistant to fire and atmospheric agents. This design is produced in rolls, depending on the design length, and is produced in both perforated and perforated models.
Roof color is very attractive due to the variety of furnace or powder colors and is easy to install on the roof and is very robust and is a design accepted by architects.

False ceiling with plasterboard plates
These prefabricated plaster panels are fitted with a metal structure, special paste and sealant putty to the roof of the house and can be used for the bathroom, bathroom and kitchen as well because they are waterproof. These roofs contain fiberglass as well as thermal insulation.
The main mesh of these ceilings is made of aluminum and the wooden mesh is also used in the design, is resistant to impact and noise and is highly environmentally friendly.
Generally, homes that are covered with false ceiling designs prevent the loss of elements such as temperature, humidity and lighting, and provide acoustic, decorative and relaxing space with appropriate lighting.

False ceiling of grillium
The design of the false grille ceiling is made of aluminum, iron and alloy sheets and consists of square and rectangular houses giving it an outline. The ceiling is made of 4 to 1 mm thick sheet and can be painted with powder and liquid colors and attached to the roof by wire or wire.

Aluminum false ceiling
The roof model is made of aluminum with glass wool behind it. Each strap is fitted with a fastener to connect this design, and these straps are made of galvanized steel.

False tile roof
The design is one of the best covers for the home’s roof and uses galvanized pendants for its installation. Its gender varies according to the client’s order, and the tile pieces are pre-determined in certain dimensions.

Luxalone false ceiling
The design is a beautiful and decorative design for the roof of the house and also has the ability to be reinstalled and resistant to fire and atmospheric agents. This design is produced in rolls, depending on the design length, and is produced in both perforated and perforated models.
Roof color is very attractive due to the variety of furnace or powder colors and is easy to install on the roof and is very robust and is a design accepted by architects.

False ceiling with plasterboard plates
These prefabricated plaster panels are fitted with a metal structure, special paste and sealant putty to the roof of the house and can be used for the bathroom, bathroom and kitchen as well because they are waterproof. These roofs contain fiberglass as well as thermal insulation.
The main mesh of these ceilings is made of aluminum and the wooden mesh is also used in the design, is resistant to impact and noise and is highly environmentally friendly.
Generally, homes that are covered with false ceiling designs prevent the loss of elements such as temperature, humidity and lighting, and provide acoustic, decorative and relaxing space with appropriate lighting.

Probably one of the earliest childhood aspirations to become an architect or an architect who kills his first plan is to design his own home first. Many foreign architects are registered in the world of architecture who have designed their own homes, including Frank Lloyd Wright, Walter Gropius and Philip Johnson.
The best and most famous buildings in the world are already well-documented in the minds of their architects, with a clever choice of architecture, a clever choice of place to build a home and a smarter choice of materials to create a lasting artwork. That’s why we discover even more interesting things when we put together the history of a building and its main goals. The monument built by some of these architects and their names is known for their iconic work and influence, while other architects have survived because of the innovative style that has transformed the world.
Famous buildings built by the most renowned foreign architects besides impressing many architects and designers, their stunning beauty is even more appealing to ordinary people and can inspire everyone, even those with little creativity.
Famous foreign architect design captures specific moments of time with detailed detail that is very similar to the photo and can also provide viewers with information about the time of construction. But unlike photographs, physical structures continue to evolve and live in different eras, and after hundreds or even thousands of years after being built, they can become a central and functional part of the lives of countless people.

Frank Lloyd Wright
We usually do not know the names of famous foreign architects as well as other famous artists such as painters. However, their work will affect us in the long run. Throughout our lives, these buildings have been our home and workplace as home for us and as a refuge for us, an artistic architecture that is fundamentally present in all of us. Even if we haven’t walked into any of the buildings designed by renowned foreign architects, in many cases we have been affected by its structure.
Frank Lloyd Wright was one of the foremost pioneers of American architecture, interior designer, author, and teacher, who designed more than 1,000 structures and completed 532 of them.

He built the Frank Lloyd Wright home and studio in Oak Park, Illinois, where he and his wife and six children lived.
Frank Lloyd Wright believed that the design of structures that are in harmony with humanity and its environment is a philosophy he called organic architecture.
In 1889, when he was just 22, Frank Lloyd Wright received a loan from his employer Louis Sullivan for $ 5,000 to build his home and studio. Later when Frank Lloyd Wright started his architecture he added the studio to the design of the building.
The house has been preserved as a national and historical landmark since 1909 and continues to exist.
Frank Lloyd Wright describes architecture as “the art of motherhood”: “We do not have the spirit of our civilization without an architectural style of our own.”
Frank Lloyd Wright argues that buildings are, in fact, a practical necessity and an artistic expression of a culture. Architects not only build civilization but also make it more beautiful.
In addition to the homes he built for himself, Frank Lloyd Wright has designed many offices, churches, schools, towers, hotels, museums and other structures.
He also designed most of the interior elements of buildings such as furniture and other accessories. Frank Lloyd Wright has written 20 books and articles on architecture and is known as a popular lecturer in the United States and Europe.
He was born on June 8, 1867 and died on April 9, 1959.

Walter Gropius
Walter Adolf George Gropius is a German architect whose names are known alongside famous architects such as Alvarez Alvert, Ludwig Mies van der Droe, Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright as the most renowned leading foreign architects in modernist architecture.

Walter Gropius is also recognized as one of the leading architects of international style.
Walter Gropius was born on May 18, 1883 and died on July 5, 1969, and a neighborhood in Berlin is named after Gropiusstadt.
In the early 1990s, a collection of all of Walter Gropius’s German architectural activities was published in a book entitled The Archive of Walter Gropius.
The Gropius House was the first project of Walter Gropius, the founder of the Bauhaus School in the United States.
Walter Gropius built this home, just an hour’s drive from Harvard in 1938 for his family. Although maintained like other neighboring houses and endorsed by the traditional materials used, it does not depart from the modernist architectural style with its bright white exterior, stripped windows and shattered glass.

It has also been considered by the US government as a landmark in the country.
In 1980, Gropius’s wife donated Gropius’s home in Lincoln to the history of New England.
Walter Gropius’s house was added to the National Historic Places Journal in 1988 as one of the historic sites and is now being visited by Uncle

Johnson is renowned for his modern architectural works such as the glass house in New Canaan and Connecticut, and especially his postmodern architecture such as 190 South La Salle Street in Chicago and 550 Madison Street designed by AT&T.
Philip Johnson received the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects in 1978 and the first Pritzker Architectural Award in 1979.
American architect Philip Johnson designed his famous glass house for his residence.
Completed in 1949, this single-storey house is made of glass and is positioned between two horizontal surfaces and a light steel structure.
This home is a symbol of international style and a national historic landmark of the United States of America.
Although it is widely believed that the house was inspired by Mies van der Rohe’s Farnsworth house, Mieswend himself stated that this was not the case and said that the time of visiting Philip Johnson’s glass house had been affected.
In 1930, Philip Johnson joined the Architecture Department of the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
He regularly met with other foreign architects, such as Gropius and Leverbusier, and for the first time in the US Congress negotiated with Miss Van Derweh.

In 1932, Philip Johnson in collaboration with Hitchcock, Alfred Haber and Jr. held the first exhibition of modern architecture at the Museum of Modern Art.
Since 1922 he has played an important role in introducing modern architecture to the American people.
Philip Johnson passed away on January 25, 2005.

Oscar Niemeyer
The Casa das Canoas house is one of the world’s most famous structures built in 1951 by Oscar Niemeyer, one of Brazil’s most famous foreign architects.
The name of Oscar Naimier, along with the renowned architects who have contributed to the development of modern architecture, is one of the main figures of modern architecture.

Naimir was known for designing residential buildings for Brazilians in a city planned to become the Brazilian capital in 1960, and also for collaborating with other foreign architects at the UN headquarters in New York.
His discovery of the beauty of reinforced concrete in the late 20th and early 21st centuries was very impressive.
Naimir has both been endorsed and criticized for the sculpture.
He said his architecture has been heavily influenced by Le Corbusier’s architecture, although he said in an interview that this did not change his architectural direction.
Niemeyer was famous for using abstract and curved forms.
The design of the Cassadas Canus home depicts the combination of modernity and the architect’s own style. This feature is a unique integration between minimalist and fundamentalist architecture.
Situated on a hill slope overlooking the bay and surrounded by it.
It is also combined with the green of nature. Cassadas Canos is a showcase of the evolution of reinforced concrete (or reinforced concrete) that has been widely used as a flexible building material.

Alvar Aalto
Hugo Alvare Henrik Alto is a Finnish architect and designer whose work includes architecture, furniture, textiles and dishes as well as sculpture and painting.

Although Alto never considered himself an artist, you can see his collection of paintings and sculptures entitled “Tree Branches with Architectural Trunk”.
His career was from 1920 to 1970. He first followed the Nordic ancient style and then moved on to the style of international modernity that was more rational in the 1930s and eventually adopted a more modern style in the 1340s.
In 1934, Finnish architect Alvar Alto and his architect Aino Alto designed their residence and studio in a neighborhood called Munkkiniemi in the Finnish capital.
The appearance of the house is distinguished by its two major parts. Most of it is painted white and most of it is covered with brick while being merged to form the lower part of the house.
Alto’s cozy home and its impressive design are thought to have been taken from Mairea Villa, a guesthouse in Normako, Finland.

This artwork by Alvar Henrique Alto is renowned as a world-class work of art. The interior design of the house and the design of the furniture, lamps and utensils were also done by Alto himself and his wife.
He used a modern Scandinavian design to design his furniture. The Alvaro Alto Museum, designed by Alto himself, is located in the city of Yuquila.
Frank Gehry
Born in Canada in 1929, Frank Gehry immigrated to the United States as a teenager, and his name is recorded alongside many other architects in postmodern and creative architecture.

Like the lucrative and lucrative tendencies of internationalism, the style of irregular shapes explores radical and meaningful shapes.
He was highly regarded in the 1960s and 1970s and suddenly became popular when he presented his corrugated cardboard furniture design. By the 1990s, he neutralized his style and gained popularity by designing seemingly organic, undulating and free-flowing structures.
In the 1970s, Frank Gray bought a house in Santa Monica to move in with his wife. However, if you know Frank Gray, you can never believe that he is just living at home and that is true.
In 1978, Gary transformed it into a luxurious home with a symbol of structural thinking. The main house has its colonial style on the left, but an unusual new structure, including glass planes, walkways, discrete columns and exotic angles, covers the other three sides of the house.
The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, inaugurated in 1997 and designed to resemble ships and living things, was designed by Frank Gray.
He also designed the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles and California, which opened in 2003.

Frank Gary is known not only for his unique structure but for his superior acoustics among foreign architects.

Conclusion:
There are many architects around the world who have been named after many foreign architects because of the unique design of their homes.
Frank Lloyd Wright and Walter Gropius and Philip Johnson and Oscar Naimier and Alvar Alto and Frank Gray are exterior architects whose homes have been highly regarded for their special design. The Wright House in Illinois Park, for example, has already been preserved as a national and historical landmark. The Gropius House in Lincoln, Massachusetts, has been used as a landmark for the United States by utilizing modernist architecture. The Johnson Glass House in New Conan, the Cassadas Canus House in Baradigio Rio de Janeiro, the Alto House in Mankinimi Helsinki, and the Gary Residence in Santa Monica, California, are other well-known homes whose designers are known for their unique design.

We all live in safe, comfortable homes, and usually when we walk into a building when the building is fully built, but many of us may not know how to build a home. For many of us, there may be a question as to what are the stages of construction and what to do at each stage. Many people who own a land, never having thought of building a building on their land because of the constant fear of getting into the construction phase, are always afraid. In this article, we are going to explain the steps of building from zero to 100.

Steps of building a building;
Pushing or pinning is one of the steps of building construction and is an operation to strengthen the building’s veneer. The legs are parts of a building that move the forces of the building to the ground, thereby reducing the vibration intensity and strengthening the building. The foundation operation must first be excavated; excavation is the removal of a large volume of soil, which results in a very large hole at least half a meter deep throughout the earth.
If the height of the building to be constructed is not too high, low-level excavation is also called superficial excavation. This type of excavation can sometimes be done manually even with a pick and shovel. Deep construction is required for the construction of large buildings and tall towers, which will be done using excavators and drilling machines. Excavation is done to ensure that potential land meetings are held; in this case they are said to be excavated until they reach pristine land.

In the pouring operation, the primary concrete does not come into contact with the soil directly; instead, a low layer of cement is called “cement except”, and then the foundations are laid on it. This will minimize the chance of corrosion and erosion of the legs. At this point, a map of the building where the foundations and other items are marked on the paper is also executed on the ground.

Steps of building construction; building reinforcement
Reinforcement is one of the most important stages of building construction which, if not done properly, threatens the strength of the building. The types of forces applied to concrete can be divided into compressive and tensile forces. The compressive strength of concrete is defined as the resistance that the concrete exhibits to its perpendicular forces. Tensile strength is also related to the resistance in which the forces are reciprocated into the concrete. Concrete has high compressive strength but is very fragile and weak against tensile forces.
Reinforcement as one of the stages of building construction is precisely for this purpose to increase the tensile strength of concrete. Reinforcing bars are joined by welding or metal fastening to increase the tensile strength of the concrete. In fact, all tensile forces applied to the building are inserted into the bars. For small concrete construction, reinforcements with a diameter of 12 mm or less are used; however, for large concrete structures 13 mm, 16 mm and 20 mm diameters are used.

Reinforcement is used as one of the stages of construction in a concrete building and is of particular sensitivity, so the error rate should be as low as possible, otherwise it would pose a threat to the safety of the building.

Process of building; molding and concrete building
Molding is another process of building a concrete building that uses wooden or metal pieces to form concrete. In the concrete stage, the concrete is soft before being hardened and may collapse; therefore, the presence of molds ensures that the concrete retains its shape until hardened and with high resistance to cohesion.
At this point, the molds must be carefully mounted and tightened; otherwise they may open during operation due to pressures and may damage the concrete. In Iran, the use of wooden molds for concrete building concrete is more common; since mold boards may adhere to wet concrete at the time of molding, surface them with special greasy oils to prevent this from happening. Also, greasing the boards will prevent the moisture of the concrete from spreading to the wood and make the concrete firmly firm.
Molding is also particularly sensitive during the construction process; for example, when lubricating the molds, it is important to ensure that the oil does not spread to the reinforcement; . The molding for the different parts of the building is done in certain ways; these are: columns, foundations, main beams and ceiling and all of them must be molded.

Construction stages; steel structure of the building
In this section, we will explain how to install steel structure in non-concrete buildings. It should be noted that all stages of construction in concrete and metal building are the same and the only difference between these two types is in the skeletal stage. In this method, columns, bridges and beams are first constructed and then stairs are placed between the floors. Columns are made before other parts.
The types of columns in a steel structure are divided into three categories depending on the load on them:
The first batch is the middle columns centered on the square with the total load applied to them.
The second batch is the sidebars, which are cut in half.
The third category is the corner columns, which are accessed a quarter of the time.
In executing the steel framework, the columns must be carefully welded together, and any pores in the welds can interfere with the overall strength of the skeleton. Metal columns should also be pre-stained with stainless steel. If the stainless steel is not used to cover the columns, it will subsequently oxidize or rust, resulting in corrosion, which destroys their strength.

Construction stages; vector molding and finishing works
At this point, the jaws are placed beneath the molds to withstand the forces for a specified period of time until the molds become firm. After executing the steel structure or molding in the concrete building, it is the staircase and the creation of pavilions. Wall and ceiling insulation should then be installed, including acoustic and thermal insulation. The insulation is usually carried out within a short period of time in the construction process, followed by various plumbing and installations.
After the piping is completed and the pipes are insulated, it is time to place the pottery and the main materials in the walls. Concrete is sprayed on the walls where the work is completed. This is usually done with special machines that push the concrete out. However, in some cases for small buildings this may be done manually. Bleaching is another process of building after concrete spraying, and it can be said that the final work on the walls and ceiling is done at this stage. Finally, exterior design is based on previous designs and installation of accessories such as boilers, cabinets and more.

Some important points
It is necessary to explain that prior permission for the construction process must be obtained from the relevant institutions. The building permit is one of the most important basic permits that must be obtained before construction begins; otherwise, the municipality will prevent any construction operations.
Another point to note is the comparison between the concrete structure and the steel structure; each has advantages and disadvantages. For example, the steel structure is less resistant to fire and heat, but on the other hand it is much faster than the concrete structure and will speed up the construction process faster because the steel structure can be run simultaneously in all parts. Be. The cost of steel used in the steel structure is higher than that of steel in concrete construction; also, since mortgages on construction projects are paid on completion of the construction process, concrete buildings can be repaid after the completion of each floor. Received and financed the construction of the other floors.

However, in buildings constructed of steel, the relevant loans can only be obtained at the end of the entire construction. Steel structures have longer lifespan than concrete structures and also have decay value, meaning that when steel buildings are demolished, steel skeletons can be sold as second-hand, but there is nothing to demolish concrete buildings. . Given the issues raised, it is not absolutely possible to choose between these two types of structures, but it must be determined depending on the type of building and its type of use.