peykhak, Author at مهندسان مشاور پی خاک بوم

What do you know about urban law?

In today’s world, cities are the most important center of human communities and are at the heart of human life. Increasing population growth has led to urban development, and governments are building urban laws to regulate urban living. Urbanization is a set of measures and methods used by urban experts to make cities better and run. According to this definition, urban planning laws are a set of laws that can best manage and plan cities. One of the most important issues in urban planning is land and property management. In this article we will briefly outline some of the important rules in this area.

Green Space Laws in Urban Laws
The importance of green spaces in urban architecture is not hidden from anyone. Urban planners pay as much attention to the design of highways and towers as they do to the green space and its proper distribution in the urban space. Urban green spaces are divided into three categories: public green space for use by all people, such as parks and forests, semi-public green space defined for use by government agencies, hospitals, etc., and street green space covered by vegetation. The level of the streets and boulevards and the margins of the highways. According to Article 14, paragraph 1, green space and park regulations only certain complexes and centers with specific uses are allowed to be defined in the green space.
These include: library and bookstore, cultural and social places, restaurant and printing house and the like, office building and park guard, greenhouse, building of technical facilities, museum, exhibition, mosque, sanitary facilities, children’s amusement spaces, sports spaces. Children’s theater and cinema and art studios. Also, according to Article 17 of this law, parking in the area around the parks can only be used by the users of these centers. Article 18 of this law also prohibits the construction of any fence or wall around public green spaces.
Regulations on Sima and Urban Landscape in Urban Planning Laws
The Supreme Council of Urban Planning and Architecture of Iran passed a law in 2008 focusing on the refurbishment and clearing of city views and walls, as well as the organization of passages and sidewalks, which emphasized the need for urban planning. By law, the urban landscape is all natural or artificial elements such as buildings, vegetation, and urban furniture that are visible to everyone in public areas such as streets, squares, and public places.
Paragraph 1 of Article 3 of this law emphasizes the correct selection of building materials and permits those materials for construction operations that do not cause environmental pollution. It is also stated in another part of the article that all boards related to urban activities such as clinics, cultural centers, business centers, organs, etc. should be provided in a coordinated manner (in terms of form, layout and location) for the different classes. According to the law, since the corners, gates, and facades of buildings located in these areas are more important than other locations, their architecture must be approved by a committee comprised of experts known as the Simplification and Urban Landscape Committee. The law enacts that forbidding the body of buildings such as balconies, terraces, etc. is prohibited in urban spaces, and the construction of semi-open spaces is done by retreating the exterior walls in the ground. Adoption of this law has been done to complement the laws of urban planning with the aim of revitalizing the country’s rich architectural and urban culture of the past and preventing visual and functional mismatches in urban spaces and activities.

Construction Certification Laws in Urban Planning
According to the suggestion of the Office of Administrative Affairs and Employment, the Supreme Administrative Council passed a law in 2011 that permits the issuance of building certificates such as construction licenses, building completion certificates and certificates of non-infringement in municipalities across the country. According to the law, municipalities are required to visit the property in question at least seven days after the applicant has applied for a construction permit and to obtain the necessary documents, and to determine its status after completing relevant reports. According to the law, the time required for the certificate of non-infringement and the completion of the work is two days, during which time the relevant certificates must be issued;
It also states that all government agencies are required to report to municipalities at the end of each year in the form of reports to be reflected in urban plans. According to the law, which is one of the most important laws of urban planning, urban maps must be updated at the beginning of each year and the status of urban divisions should be precisely specified.

12/22/2019 By peykhak news arch urban law
Safety and Health of Building Materials and Products

Perhaps one of the aspects that is often overlooked or less overlooked in the design of a structure is the choice of materials and construction products. The importance of choosing the right construction products is very important and this plays an important role in the success or failure of a building. Even the use of standard building products has a significant impact on home prices, and each of us has probably heard about the quality of our housing and its price at least once when buying a home or mortgage and renting it.
In our country, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development has enacted the technical and engineering aspects of building and national regulations governing the technical and engineering aspects of building, and compliance with these rules is essential for all construction activists.
Although these regulations are presented in various categories such as the standards defined for each material, its specifications and technical specifications, its compatibility with the building and its type of packaging and maintenance, we present in this article from the Keyboard Journal to Materials Safety and Considerations Environmental Some of the building products used in building a building are:
A few items of construction products
Generally, for the construction of a structure, the technical specifications of construction products must be standardized and materials that have quality certification must be used.
Hydraulic Cement
This type of cement is very sticky and hardens in combination with water or its proximity (also air). Thus, by definition, hydraulic cement is waterproof and does not perish in the face of water.

Materials safety and environmental considerations of hydraulic cement
This type of cement contains a small amount of live lime and other alkaline oxides, so it can be harmful to the skin and eyes, and dust in the air can cause respiratory problems. Therefore, cement should not be dispersed in the air.
When using cement, people need to wear gloves, glasses, masks, and long sleeves to prevent it from impacting different parts of the face and body.

If the cement comes in contact with damp skin or eyes, it should be washed off with plenty of clean water as soon as possible. In case of prolonged exposure to cement, it is advisable to use dilute vinegar solution to wash the skin after the area has been rinsed.
Plaster and its products
Plaster is a building adhesive that is white in color, if pure. If gypsum is cooked at low temperature and in laboratory conditions, gypsum is obtained.
Material Safety and Environmental Considerations of Building Plaster
In structures that use building plaster, workers also use shoes, protective boots, gloves, masks and safety clothing. Also, be careful when loading the construction plaster so that the envelopes are not torn and dust is not created.

Building plaster compatibility with other materials
Building plaster products, especially in wet areas, should be covered with stainless steel if exposed to steel.
Building plaster and its products in related areas, such as the northern cities of the country, should not be directly adjacent to concrete or cement products.
Construction mortars
Generally, a paste that is created by mixing adhesive and filler is called fresh mortar. This adhesive can be cement paste and the filling material can be like fine aggregates.

Mortar is used in construction to glue building materials together. Mortar provides the necessary bedding for plastering, plastering and bonding.
Materials safety and environmental considerations of building mortars
Since lime mortar is often used in construction, hydrated lime is best used, and due to lime damage to the skin and eyes, it is necessary to consider the safety of materials and individuals and to avoid lime contact with the working skin. Prevent action.
Compatibility
Lime, due to its composition of ingredients, causes corrosion of metals such as lead, aluminum and zinc. For this reason, it is necessary to coat metal materials with appropriate materials before placing them in limestone mortar.
Building stones
Stones are one of the most commonly used materials in construction. Sometimes stones are used as blocks and sometimes cut to decorate the floor and floor.

Natural stone consists of one or more minerals and is a synthetic stone made from a mixture of aggregates, adhesives and additives.
Materials safety and environmental considerations of masonry stone
Cutting stones should be done indoors using water.
The use of stones in buildings should never endanger the health and health of people and the environment. If it is likely that harmful radiation is emitted from the stone, it is necessary to examine and test the stone.
Stones are compatible with all construction products.
Ceramic tile
This product is used for floor and wall covering and decorative items. Ceramic tile is manufactured with different properties and systems and is a combination of different minerals.
Materials Safety and Environmental Ceramic Tile
Glazed tiles contain some compounds such as lead oxide and cadmium that are harmful to the environment.
Warehousing and painting of tiles should include safety helmets, work shoes and boots, and staff should be provided with personal protective equipment.

Like stone, tiles are no longer incompatible with other building products.
Bitumen
Bitumen

12/18/2019 By peykhak Contract matters Interior design news arch Phase One and Two Designing Phase Three Supervision Phase-zero studies materials safety and environmental considerations
North or South buildings – Conclusion

Conclusion:
As we said above, when buying a residential unit, first look at the building plan then the units in the building.
Of course, do not let this precision make you obsessive in your choice.
If the building you selected had the benefits of cooling heating and good business, you could give Atta a break and buy the unit.
There are many factors to consider when buying a home. This article refers to the building map.
Buildings are usually either south or north. Of course, there are also North-South, East and West.
The north building is a building that enters the yard when it enters and then the building is placed behind the yard.
These types of buildings usually have two units per floor.
The most important factors to consider in a home are security and the amount of light received. These types of buildings have light from the kitchen and reception area for most of the day.
Another type of building is the South Building. The south building is called the building that originally housed the building
And behind the yard. These buildings are very beautiful and efficient in terms of building map.
There are more parking spaces in this type of building than the north building.
The south house receives sunlight from both the back and front of the house and is priced higher.
As we explained before, the issue of skylights is important only in metropolitan areas because the building density is very high and the houses are located next to each other, each receiving different light. But in small towns where building congestion is less, the light is distributed almost equally to all homes and receives the same light.
Houses in the south building have large windows with a high percentage of light. Now this case in the northern houses only includes units known as the northern unit

12/15/2019 By peykhak news arch types of buildings
Properties for Your Home Based on Your Birthday – Part Two

Suitable decoration for those born in the Tower of Thor
Born in Taurus, they are known for their elegance and beauty. The character of the Tower of Thor considers the May births to materialistic people who are fond of luxury. Born in May, people are steady people and are interested in trying new things. The symbol of the month of May is the birth of the bull.
Art and nature are among the common interests of people born in Taurus. The decoration of their birth month is also chosen in detail and elegance.
Old and original buildings with European architecture are of particular interest to those born in Taurus. In their home decoration and decoration, these people also pursue luxuries that are only compatible with their morale.
Ordibeheshti’s interest in preserving its historical elegance has led to the use of a variety of luxury goods, antiques and old paintings in their home decoration.

Suitable decoration for Gemini born
The personality of the Gemini born people introduces them to people interested in learning new things. So they are people with extensive knowledge in different fields. Born in June, they are interested in group life and in solitude. The birth symbol of June is the birth of twins.
Living in apartment complexes is more in line with the personality of the June born. Tall towers tempt them with a view of the city.
Life for them is defined in modern decoration. Their restless nature is always searching for new things.
June home decoration is a blend of modernity with nature. They enjoy nature in their home.
Having a patio or a small greenhouse is a pleasure for those born in June.

Suitable decoration for those born of cancer
Born in July, they live in a restless tower. Rarely are July births found and residing somewhere. They are emotional and restless. The value and meaning of the family to them goes beyond what other people think of it. The symbol of the month of birth is the fourth month of the lobster year.
But despite all these interpretations of the Cancer Tower personality, they believe they are looking for their home and will not leave it whenever they find it to suit their taste. For a homestead, it has the meaning of its own world.
Gangsters love to help their friends and acquaintances in every way possible, a regular room or workshop is the dream of every Gangster at home.
Marquee women decorate their kitchen to meet the needs of others in the kitchen.

Suitable decoration for those born in Assad
The main character of those born in the Tower of Assad is their leadership power. Mordadians, like lions, take care of their privacy and do not overlook it. They are not interested in money for money, but rather as money to provide comfort. The symbol of the month of birth is Mordad.
Mordad’s self-driving may hurt others, but their personality has shown that Mordad is a kind and compassionate person.
August decoration is the most comfortable home. They prefer large, comfortable furniture and are comfortable in the home.
They treat their home like a castle of government. Their home is their territory, and a multitude rule this territory.
The home has a multitude of simple and comfortable decorations, comfort being their first priority in choosing a place to live

12/12/2019 By peykhak news arch suitable decoration for those born
What are the benefits of a North or South home?

In metropolises, the construction of southern or northern homes is an advantage in lightening as many units as possible.
Note that in metropolises, the more light-skinned the home, the more sensitive it is because of the congestion of buildings but not in small towns.
Usually in small towns all the houses are light enough and it does not matter whether the house is north, south, east or west.
Most people are looking for a northern or southern home and prefer not to choose an eastern or western home.
The main reason for people not choosing either the Eastern or Western homes is that homes built as Oriental or Western homes can only use the sun for a limited time per day. This limited time is much shorter than the time the north or south house uses the sun.
It must be clear to all of us that we hear from the older and older people that the North House is very good. Even when referring real estate consultants to buy a home, the unit claims to be in the north building.

Some people’s insistence has two main aspects. One is that the north house has more light, especially in the kitchen and dining area during the day, and the second, which is very important and valuable, is the issue of residential home security.
The north building has more commuter views than the courtyard and then the construction and the possibility of an anonymous person visiting the building is very low.
In the south building, when the door is opened, no one enters the person, so the security of the building is slightly lowered.
The northern building is far better than the southern house in terms of the light. Because they receive more light from the sun for a longer period at no cost.
But you have to note that in the north building there are two types of units: the southern unit and the northern unit. The existing south unit of these buildings is located at the back of the building and does not receive any light and also has lower height windows. But the north unit of the building is built in front of the building, facing the courtyard and facing the sun, and has larger windows.
Usually these buildings have northern units higher than the southern units. Note that the south building on both sides of the unit receives a great deal of light and has more beautiful sunlight in more areas of your home.
In the south house units, large windows always work with excellent lighting, and this lightening of the units makes them much more expensive than the northern house.
Usually the south building of each floor has a unit that receives light from the front and back of the building.

12/11/2019 By peykhak news arch north and south building
Are the types of houses in the metropolis northern or southern?

What are the types of houses in big cities?
The house is usually divided into four types of northern, southern, western and eastern houses. Below we explain each of them:
What does the northern house mean?
The north house is the house that opens to the courtyard from the alley.
The north end of the building also ends with a plaque adjacent to it.
A northern building receives indirect light from the north, the light part of the building, and from the south, the courtyard of the building.

The northern building has two types of northern and southern units.
The northern units have a lot of daylight, but the southern units do not receive light, and even their windows are almost smaller than the northern ones.
The north building usually has two units on each floor.
What is meant by the southern house?
The south house is the house that opens to the building’s entrance from the street into the building and the courtyard is located behind the building.
In the south building, your property and unit have direct light from the north and south.
The south building has a big advantage over the north building, which is that the south house has a higher occupancy level than the north house because of the need for additional skylights.
There is also a lot more parking available in such a home than the North.
Another point is the building map of these types of homes, which is much more pleasing and desirable, so they are more expensive in some areas of the south.
Note that the windows in the south building units are larger and better shaped in the house, which absorbs more light.
The building plan in the south building is usually designed to have only one unit per floor

12/08/2019 By peykhak news arch light from the north